Description
Why It’s Done
Doctors recommend this test to:
• Screen for prostate cancer, particularly in men over 50 or those at higher risk.
• Differentiate between prostate cancer and benign conditions like:
o Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
o Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)
• Monitor prostate health in individuals with previously elevated PSA.
• Help determine the need for a prostate biopsy.
A lower ratio of free to total PSA may suggest a higher risk of prostate cancer.
A higher ratio usually points to benign prostate conditions.
Preparation
• No fasting is required.
• Avoid ejaculation for 24–48 hours before the test, as it can temporarily raise PSA levels.
• Avoid vigorous exercise (especially biking) before the test.
• No digital rectal exam (DRE) for at least 24 hours prior, unless advised otherwise.
• Inform your doctor about any medications you’re taking, especially:
o 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride, dutasteride)
o Hormonal treatments
