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Ihc – Neural & Neuroendocrine Tumours (Gfap, S100, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin)

₹6,000.00

15 minutes
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The IHC – Neural & Neuroendocrine Tumours test is an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test that involves detecting specific markers in tissue samples to help identify neural and neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors can arise in the nervous system or neuroendocrine cells, which are found in various organs and produce hormones. The test involves the use of antibodies to stain and identify proteins expressed by these tumors. The key markers used in this test are:

• GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein): A marker for astrocytes, which are cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is commonly used to identify gliomas (brain tumors) and other neural tumors.
• S100: A protein marker found in glial cells, Schwann cells, and melanocytes, and it is useful for identifying neuroectodermal tumors (like schwannomas and melanomas), as well as neuroblastomas.
• Synaptophysin: A marker for neuroendocrine cells that helps identify neuroendocrine tumors such as small cell lung cancer, carcinoid tumors, and neuroblastomas.
• Chromogranin: Another marker for neuroendocrine tumors, particularly useful in identifying carcinoid tumors and other neuroendocrine neoplasms.

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    Description

    Why It’s Done:
    • To diagnose neural and neuroendocrine tumors: The IHC test helps to confirm the presence of tumors that arise from neural tissues (e.g., gliomas, schwannomas) or neuroendocrine tissues (e.g., carcinoid tumors, small cell lung cancer). The expression of specific markers such as GFAP, S100, Synaptophysin, and Chromogranin helps confirm the origin of the tumor.
    • To differentiate between types of tumors: This test is critical for distinguishing between different tumor types with similar clinical presentations. For example, neuroendocrine tumors express synaptophysin and chromogranin, while neural tumors express GFAP and S100.
    • To identify tumor subtypes: The test can assist in subclassifying tumors within broader categories of neural tumors or neuroendocrine tumors, providing more detailed information for treatment decisions and prognostic assessment.
    • To monitor treatment response: After diagnosing a neural or neuroendocrine tumor, the IHC test can be used in conjunction with other tests to monitor the effectiveness of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy) and assess whether the tumor is responding to therapy.
    • To assess tumor spread: The test can be useful in determining the extent of tumor spread, particularly if neuroendocrine tumors are suspected of metastasizing to other organs.

    Preparation:
    • Fasting: Fasting is generally not required for the IHC – Neural & Neuroendocrine Tumours test.
    • Tissue sample: The test requires a biopsy sample, typically obtained from the tumor tissue. This may be collected through needle aspiration, fine needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy, depending on the tumor’s location and the clinical situation.
    • Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are currently taking, especially if you are on medications that affect the immune system or chemotherapy treatments, as these could influence tumor biology and marker expression.
    • No special preparation: There are typically no dietary or lifestyle changes required before the test. However, you should follow any specific instructions from your healthcare provider regarding the biopsy procedure and any medications or supplements that might need to be adjusted before the procedure.
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